The influence of the Iranian culture in Western Europe is attested by innumerable traces that the presence of Iranians in Andalusia left. That being, it is difficult to believe that before the conquest of Spain by the Arabs, the Iranians did not trade with the Iberian or the Francs. Indeed, as of the time of Khosrow Parviz, North Africa was under the Persian domination, a domination which lasted a long time after the fall of the Sassanide empire, since this area was the refuge of a great number of Iranians who have flees the Moslems.
When one knows the short distance which the Mediterranean separates Africa from Europe, in particular on the level of the Straits of Gibraltar, one would be astonished that no contact is established between Persians expatriates and Europeans of the west.
I am firmly convinced that Iranians were present at the Francs as of the 6th century. I thus invite all the people interested by this subject to take part in this forum in order to organise a debate which will perhaps make it possible to better join together disparate indices, lighting us on this ignored aspect of the history of Iran.